References and Acknowledgements

Curation and Project Lead: Terra Barrett, Heritage NL
Translation Service: C. Bungay et D Nanoff
Alternative Text: Emily Smith of Heritage NL
Revisions: Dale Jarvis, Juliet Lanphear, Andrea O’Brien, and Sarah Roberts of Heritage NL

Special thanks to:

Vicki Anderson, Terri Andrews, Maryssa Barras, Mike Basha, Sharon Basha, Wayne Basha, Stephen Belanger, J. Boulos, Magie Dominic, Amanda Gaultois, Hannah Gaultois, Philip Gaultois, Lillian Basha George, Angelina Gosine, Dot Griffiths-Crocker, Jonathan Kawaja, Mary Catherine Kawaja, Joan Larocque, Lorraine Michael, Lillian Basha Moakler, Robert Noah, Marina Owens, Michael Philpott, Chris Picco, Ellen Power, Carol Reade, Catherine Ryan, Wyatt Hirschfeld Shibley, Krista Van Nostrand, Diane Noah Walsh, Megan Webb, and Gail Weir.

References:

Please note: Links will re-direct to an external website. These websites may only be unilingual and may not be accessible to a screen reader.

Alteen, Nora Theresa. “T-14 Side A – Mrs. Nora Theresa Alteen.” Interview by Mary Taylor. June 5, 1980. Bowater Oral History Collection, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1980.

Alteen Brothers Limited. The City of Corner Brook.

Ashton, John. “‘They got the English hashed up a bit’: Names, narratives and assimilation in Newfoundland’s Syrian/Lebanese community.” Lore and Language 17, no. 01-02: 67-79, 1999.

Baker, Melvin. “‘In Search of the ‘New Jerusalem’: Slum Clearance in St. John’s, 1921-1944.” Newfoundland Quarterly 79, no. 2, 1983.

Baker, Melvin. “Government.” In Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, vol. 2, edited by Joseph R. Smallwood. St. John’s, NL: Newfoundland Book Publishers (1967) Limited, 1984.

Baseball Newfoundland and Labrador. “Hall of Fame.” Baseball NL, https://www.baseballnl.com/content/hall-of-fame.

Blackall, W. W. “Untrodden Paths of Newfoundland.” Newfoundland Quarterly 11, no. 4: 3-5, 1912.

Burrows, Roger and Cynthia Stone. “S.E. Tuma Jewellers: No Fly-By-Night Business.” Decks Awash 18, no. 01: 46-48, 1989.

Cadogan, David. “Our Lebanese Legacy.” Saltscapes, 2012.

Colonist, The. 1890. “Jewelry & French Goods.” March 3, 1890: 1.

Daily Colonist, The. “HR. Grace Cathedral Fund: Subscriptions at Little Bay Mines.” October 11, 1889: 4.

Daily News. “Heads Harveys Chain Saw Division Inland.” March 15, 1956: 3.

Daily News. “Sudden Passing of Mrs. J. C. Sapp.” January 7, 1956: 5.

Daily News. “For Sale at Bell Island Dry Goods and Novelty Business.” March 26, 1958: 14.

Daily News. “Obituary Joseph Sapp.” February 10, 1969: 14.

Dignam, Natalie. “Wyatt Shibley’s Research on Newfoundland’s Lebanese Community.” In Living Heritage Podcast, Heritage NL and CHMR. Podcast. March 20, 2020. https://anchor.fm/living-heritage/episodes/Ep170-WyattShibleys-Research-on-Newfoundlands-Lebanese-Community-ebdllf/aa1m4d1i.

Evening Herald. “Events and Echoes.” May 6, 1899: 4.

Evening Telegram. “Jewelry and French Goods.” March 3, 1890: 1.

Evening Telegram. “Local Happenings: He Was Run In.” September 28, 1898: 4.

Evening Telegram. “Maronite in Trouble.” July 16, 1901: 4.

Evening Telegram. “Maronite Funeral.” January 6, 1902: 4.

Evening Telegram . “Local Happenings: Mrs. Sweet Gone.” January 13, 1904: 3.

Evening Telegram. “Mrs. Sweet Injured.” August 15, 1905: 4.

Evening Telegram. “Three Men Shot.” January 16, 1908: 6.

Evening Telegram. “Mr. Antonio Joseph Dead.” June 2, 1913: 5.

First Newfoundland Regiment. Attestation Paper, 1914. https://www.therooms.ca/sites/default/files/shaeen_joseph_712_0.pdf.

Higgins, Jenny and Luke Callanan. “Other Ethnic Groups.” Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage, 2008. https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/otherethnic-groups.php.

Howley, J. P. Reminiscences of Forty-Two Years of Exploration In and About Newfoundland, edited by W. J. Kirwin and P. A. O’ Flaherty. St. John’s, NL: Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2009. First published 1914.

Knott, Christine and John Phyne. “Rehousing Good Citizens: Gender, Class, and Family Ideals in the St. John’s Housing Authority Survey of the Inner City of St. John’s, 1951 and 1952.” Acadiensis 47, no. 1: 178-207, 2018.

McAlpine Publishing Company. McAlpine’s Newfoundland Directory for 1904. Saint John, NB: McAlpine Publishing Company, Ltd., 1904.

McAlpine Publishing Company. McAlpine’s St. John’s Directory: 1908-09. Halifax, NS: McAlpine Publishing Company, Ltd., 1909.

Michael, Lorraine. Personal communication with Maryssa Barras. 2021.

Newfoundland Directory 1936.

Noah Walsh, Diane. Personal communication with Terra Barrett. 2023.

Phyne, John. “On a Hillside North of the Harbour: Changes to the Centre of St. John’s, 1942-1987.” Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 29 , no. 1: 1719-26, 2014. https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/NFLDS/article/view/22414.

Phyne, John and Christine Knott. “Outside of the Planner’s Gaze: Community and Space in the Centre of St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1945-1966.” In Sociology of Home: Belonging, Community, and Place in the Canadian Context, edited by Gillian Anderson et al., 167-86. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press, 2016.

Royal Print & Litho Co. McAlpine’s St. John’s City Directory: 1915. Halifax, NS: Royal Print & Litho Co., Ltd., 1915.

St. John’s City Directory, 1919.

Newfoundland Directory Company. St. John’s Newfoundland Directory, 1913. St. John’s, NL: Newfoundland Directory Company, 1913.

Sullivan, J. “Lebanese Community.” In Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador vol. 3, edited by Cyril F. Poole and Robert H. Cuff, 268-69. St. John’s, NL: Harry Cuff Publications, Ltd., 1991.

Western Star. “Mr. Joseph Replies to Hon. Jas. Angel.” May 16, 1906: 4.

Western Star. “Botwood Notes.” June 1, 1932: 2.

Western Star. “Obituary: Mr. Tanius Basha.” April 8, 1936.

Western Star. “Made-To-Measure.” August 28, 1942: 3.

Western Star. “Founding Log editor dies.” Aug 4, 1993: 1.

Winter, Kathleen M. “Noah, Kalleem Bacile.” Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, vol. 4. (St. John’s, NL: Harry Cuff Publications, 1993).

For additional information on the Lebanese-Newfoundland community history:
Provincial Historic Commemorations Program Designation: The Establishment of the Lebanese Business Community in Newfoundland

Memorial University’s Digital Archives Initiative: Lebanese-Newfoundland Collection

This online project was developed with the support of the Digital Museums Canada investment program. Digital Museums Canada is managed by the Canadian Museum of History, with the financial support of the Government of Canada.